Your Guide for LTE Attach procedure
After the LTE Attach Procedure ends, the following should be accomplished, LTE Attach Signaling
LTE (4G) Network Architecture
LTE network nodes LTE refers to ‘Long Term Evolution’, and the architecture of the LTE network is as following, eNodeB […]
Gr interface and Gs interface
The Gr interface exists between the SGSN and the HLR. While the Gs interface exists between the SGSN and the […]
(MS-SGSN-GGSN) GPRS Interfaces in 2G network
Here, we illustrate the GPRS interfaces between the MS, the SGSN, and the GGSN in 2G network in both ‘control […]
(MS-SGSN-GGSN) GPRS Interfaces in 3G network
Here, we illustrate the GPRS interfaces between the MS, the SGSN, and the GGSN in 3G network in both ‘control […]
What is SS7 over IP, ‘SIGTRAN’
SS7 protocol SS7 is a protocol responsible to move the signaling messages between telecom network nodes. It is using the […]
How SGSN selects the GGSN in GPRS, using iDNS and eDNS
The network is not having only one GGSN, it may have a few GGSNs. Also, it is having a lot […]
PDP Context Deactivation Procedure
The MS, the SGSN, and the GGSN can initiate The ‘PDP context deactivation procedure’. PDP Context Deactivation Procedure (MS initiated) […]
PDP Context Modification Procedure
In case one of any parameters associated with the PDP context changed, like the QoS as example. The node in […]
Session Management states in GPRS (2G and 3G)
For an MS to be able to send and receive data to and from the PDN, it must have an […]