(MS-SGSN-GGSN) GPRS Interfaces in 2G network
Here, we illustrate the GPRS interfaces between the MS, the SGSN, and the GGSN in 2G network in both ‘control…
(MS-SGSN-GGSN) GPRS Interfaces in 3G network
Here, we illustrate the GPRS interfaces between the MS, the SGSN, and the GGSN in 3G network in both ‘control…
What is SS7 over IP, ‘SIGTRAN’
SS7 protocol SS7 is a protocol responsible to move the signaling messages between telecom network nodes. It is using the…
How SGSN selects the GGSN in GPRS, using iDNS and eDNS
The network is not having only one GGSN, it may have a few GGSNs. Also, it is having a lot…
PDP Context Deactivation Procedure
The MS, the SGSN, and the GGSN can initiate The ‘PDP context deactivation procedure’. PDP Context Deactivation Procedure (MS initiated)…
PDP Context Modification Procedure
In case one of any parameters associated with the PDP context changed, like the QoS as example. The node in…
Session Management states in GPRS (2G and 3G)
For an MS to be able to send and receive data to and from the PDN, it must have an…
NSAPI and TI – PDP identifiers
NSAPI NSAPI refers to ‘Network layer Service Access Point Identifier’. The MS generates the NSAPI in the ‘PDP context activation’ procedure,…
QoS ‘Quality of Service’ in GPRS
QoS refers to ‘Quality of Service’. After ‘PDP context activation’ procedure completes, a ‘PDP context’ shall exist on the MS,…
PDP type in GPRS
PDP type is the type of the IP address assigned to the PDP. PDP type maybe one of the following,…