Category: 2G/3G
Gr interface and Gs interface
The Gr interface exists between the SGSN and the HLR. While the Gs interface exists between the SGSN and the […]
(MS-SGSN-GGSN) GPRS Interfaces in 2G network
Here, we illustrate the GPRS interfaces between the MS, the SGSN, and the GGSN in 2G network in both ‘control […]
(MS-SGSN-GGSN) GPRS Interfaces in 3G network
Here, we illustrate the GPRS interfaces between the MS, the SGSN, and the GGSN in 3G network in both ‘control […]
What is SS7 over IP, ‘SIGTRAN’
SS7 protocol SS7 is a protocol responsible to move the signaling messages between telecom network nodes. It is using the […]
How SGSN selects the GGSN in GPRS, using iDNS and eDNS
The network is not having only one GGSN, it may have a few GGSNs. Also, it is having a lot […]
PDP Context Deactivation Procedure
The MS, the SGSN, and the GGSN can initiate The ‘PDP context deactivation procedure’. PDP Context Deactivation Procedure (MS initiated) […]
PDP Context Modification Procedure
In case one of any parameters associated with the PDP context changed, like the QoS as example. The node in […]
Session Management states in GPRS (2G and 3G)
For an MS to be able to send and receive data to and from the PDN, it must have an […]
NSAPI and TI – PDP identifiers
NSAPI NSAPI refers to ‘Network layer Service Access Point Identifier’. The MS generates the NSAPI in the ‘PDP context activation’ procedure, […]
QoS ‘Quality of Service’ in GPRS
QoS refers to ‘Quality of Service’. After ‘PDP context activation’ procedure completes, a ‘PDP context’ shall exist on the MS, […]