Charging Trigger Function (CTF) in Mobile Network
Charging Trigger Function (CTF) is responsible for detecting and monitoring user activities and charging events. As example, voice calls, data sessions, and SMS.
When a chargeable event occurs, the CTF collects relevant information about the event, such as the subscriber's identity, location, duration, volume, and other parameters.
Then the CTF sends those charging events to the CDF via Rf reference point, in order to charge the end user.
The CTF exists in network elements that generate charging records for the users such as the GGSN, the SGW, and the PGW.
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Offline Charging vs. Online Charging in LTE
The type of charging in LTE mobile network, may be Offline Charging or Online Charging. The main difference between the two types, is whether the charging can affect the user data session in real time or not. Offline Charging can not affect the user data session in real time. While the online charging can affect…
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What is an ‘EPS Bearer’ in LTE ?
During 'LTE attach' procedure, the network establishes this EPS Bearer between the UE and the PGW. The PGW assigns an IP address for this Bearer. The UE uses this IP address, in order to communicate with the PDN. In addition, the PGW assigns a QoS for this Bearer, which guarantees the QoS for the data…
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QoS ‘Quality of Service’ in GPRS
QoS refers to 'Quality of Service'. After 'PDP context activation' procedure completes, a 'PDP context' shall exist on the MS, the SGSN, and the GGSN. In addition, the GGSN assigns a QoS for this 'PDP context'. This QoS describes the priority that the nodes shall give to traffic belonging to this 'PDP context'. The subscription…
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